The elbow joint is a hinged joint formed by the humerus, ulna, and radius. The ends of these bones are covered with cartilage, a rubbery-textured tissue that enables smooth movement, flexibility, and shock absorption.

Three key ligaments inside and outside the elbow provide stability by holding the joint together. These ligaments form a joint capsule filled with fluid that reduces friction and ensures smooth movement.

Tendons play a crucial role in connecting muscles to bones. The biceps and triceps tendons facilitate flexion and extension of the elbow. Forearm muscles cross the elbow and attach to the humerus, with the lateral and medial epicondyles forming the noticeable bony protrusions of the elbow. Understanding tendon attachment is essential, as tendonitis is a common issue.

The radial, ulnar, and medial nerves are the primary nerves that pass through the elbow, controlling motor functions and sensations such as touch, pain, and temperature. Nerve entrapment in this region can cause persistent elbow pain, requiring specialized clinical evaluation and targeted treatment.